GFS - The Global Forecast System (GFS) air-sea-land-ice modeling system of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NOAA/NCEP). The atmospheric component is based on the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3) dynamical core. The global domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~13.5 km. GFS model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 384 h.
Documentation: https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/index.php?branch=GFS Data Access: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/model-data/model-datasets/global-forcast-system-gfs
ECMWF - The global air-sea-wave-land-ice modeling system of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The atmospheric component is based on the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) dynamical core. The global domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~9 km. ECMWF model forecasts are currently available 2x daily at 24-h intervals out to 240 h.
Documentation: https://www.ecmwf.int/en/publications Data Access: https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets
HWRF - The operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) modeling system of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The atmospheric component is based on the Non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM) dynamical core. HWRF is configured with three storm-centric, nested domains that have nominal horizontal resolutions of 13.5 km, 4.5 km, and 1.5 km, respectively. The outermost domain is ~80° x ~80° and is approximately centered on the system of interest. The two innermost nests are much smaller and follow the system of interest throughout the model integration. The atmospheric model is coupled to the Princeton Ocean Model (POM-TC). Independent HWRF forecasts are created for up to five active tropical cyclones and invests worldwide. HWRF model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 126 h.
Documentation: https://dtcenter.org/HurrWRF/users/docs/index.php Data: https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/gc_wmb/vxt/HWRF/index.php
HWRF-B - The experimental "Basin-scale" Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF-B) modeling system of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Consistent with HWRF, the atmospheric component is based on the Non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM) dynamical core. HWRF-B is configured with a static outermost domain that has a nominal horizontal resolution of 13.5 km, spans ¼ of the Earth (200° x 90°), and includes the North Atlantic, eastern North Pacific, and central North Pacific hurricane basins. HWRF-B is configured with multiple sets of high-resolution storm-following nests, with the nominal resolutions for each set of 4.5 km and 1.5 km, respectively. Otherwise, HWRF-B has many of the same configuration options as HWRF. The atmospheric model is coupled to the Princeton Ocean Model (POM-TC). HWRF-B model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 126 h.
Documentation: https://dtcenter.org/HurrWRF/users/docs/index.php https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/WAF-D-16-0087.1
HWRF-NVI - The experimental “No Vortex Initialization” Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF-NVI) modeling system of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Consistent with HWRF, the atmospheric component is based on the Non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM) dynamical core. HWRF-NVI has the same configuration as HWRF, except that it does not perform vortex initialization. Essentially, the initial conditions of HWRF-NVI are more similar to GFS than HWRF. HWRF-NVI is configured with three storm-centric, nested domains that have nominal horizontal resolutions of 13.5 km, 4.5 km, and 1.5 km, respectively. The outermost domain is ~80° x ~80° and is approximately centered on the system of interest. The two innermost nests are much smaller and follow the system of interest throughout the model integration. The atmospheric model is coupled to the Princeton Ocean Model (POM-TC). HWRF-NVI model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 126 h
Documentation: https://dtcenter.org/HurrWRF/users/docs/index.php
HAFS V0.A - The experimental Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS) Version 0.A of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. HAFS is intended to “provide an advanced analysis and forecast system for cutting-edge research on modeling, physics, data assimilation, and coupling” (see below). The atmospheric component is based on the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3) dynamical core. HAFS V0.A uses the “Stand Alone Regional” (SAR) framework of FV3 and uses initial/lateral boundary conditions from operational GFS. The regional domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~3 km and covers most of the North Atlantic hurricane basin. The regional domain in HAFS V0.A is nearly identical to the regional domain in HAFS V0.B. HAFS V0.A model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 126 h.
Documentation: https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/HAFS?
HAFS V0.B - The experimental Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS) Version 0.B of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. HAFS is intended to “provide an advanced analysis and forecast system for cutting-edge research on modeling, physics, data assimilation, and coupling” (see below). The atmospheric component is based on the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3) dynamical core. HAFS V0.B uses a global framework of FV3 with a high-resolution nest placed over the North Atlantic hurricane basin. The regional domain has a nominal resolution of ~3 km and has two-way feedback with the parent global domain. The regional domain in HAFS V0.B is nearly identical to the regional domain in HAFS V0.A. HAFS V0.B model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 168 h.
Documentation: https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/HAFS?
ECMWF - The global air-sea-wave-land-ice modeling system of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The atmospheric component is based on the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) dynamical core. The global domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~9 km. ECMWF model forecasts are currently available 2x daily at 24-h intervals out to 240 h.
Documentation: https://www.ecmwf.int/en/publications/ifs-documentation Data Access: https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets
HWRF - The operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) modeling system of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The atmospheric component is based on the Non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM) dynamical core. HWRF is configured with three storm-centric, nested domains that have nominal horizontal resolutions of 13.5 km, 4.5 km, and 1.5 km, respectively. The outermost domain is ~80° x ~80° and is approximately centered on the system of interest. The two innermost nests are much smaller and follow the system of interest throughout the model integration. The atmospheric model is coupled to the Princeton Ocean Model (POM-TC). Independent HWRF forecasts are created for up to five active tropical cyclones and invests worldwide. HWRF model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 126 h.
Documentation: https://dtcenter.org/community-code/hurricane-wrf-hwrf/documentation Alt Web Site: https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/gc_wmb/vxt/HWRF/index.php
HWRF-B - The experimental “Basin-scale” Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF-B) modeling system of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Consistent with HWRF, the atmospheric component is based on the Non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM) dynamical core. HWRF-B is configured with a static outermost domain that has a nominal horizontal resolution of 13.5 km, spans ¼ of the Earth (200° x 90°), and includes the North Atlantic, eastern North Pacific, and central North Pacific hurricane basins. HWRF-B is configured with multiple sets of high-resolution storm-following nests, with the nominal resolutions for each set of 4.5 km and 1.5 km, respectively. Otherwise, HWRF-B has many of the same configuration options as HWRF. The atmospheric model is coupled to the Princeton Ocean Model (POM-TC). HWRF-B model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 126 h.
Documentation: https://dtcenter.org/community-code/hurricane-wrf-hwrf/documentation https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/WAF-D-16-0087.1
HAFS V0.1A - The experimental Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS) Version 0.1A of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. HAFS is intended to provide an advanced analysis and forecast system for cutting-edge research on modeling, physics, data assimilation, and coupling. The atmospheric component is based on the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3) dynamical core. HAFS V0.1A uses the “Stand Alone Regional” (SAR) framework of FV3 and uses initial/lateral boundary conditions from operational GFS. The regional domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~3 km and covers most of the North Atlantic hurricane basin. HAFS V0.1A is coupled to HYCOM, which provides surface boundary conditions over the ocean. HAFS V0.1A model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 126 h.
Documentation: https://github.com/hafs-community/HAFS/tree/support/hafs.v0.1a Alt. Web Site: https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/HAFS/HAFSv0p1a/index.php
HAFS V0.1B - The experimental Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS) Version 0.1B of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. HAFS is intended to provide an advanced analysis and forecast system for cutting-edge research on modeling, physics, data assimilation, and coupling. The atmospheric component is based on the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3) dynamical core. HAFS V0.1B uses a global framework of FV3 with a high-resolution nest placed over the North Atlantic hurricane basin. The regional domain has a nominal resolution of ~3 km and has two-way feedback with the parent global domain. HAFS V0.1B model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 168 h.
Documentation: https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/fv3gfs
HAFS V0.1E - The experimental Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS) Version 0.1E ensemble prediction system of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. HAFS is intended to provide an advanced analysis and forecast system for cutting-edge research on modeling, physics, data assimilation, and coupling. The atmospheric component is based on the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3) dynamical core. HAFS V0.1E is based on HAFS V0.1A configuration, but uses lower horizontal and vertical resolution with no ocean-coupling, 6km/L64. It includes 18 members. HAFS V0.1E model forecasts are currently available 2x daily at 3-h intervals out to 120h.
Documentation: https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/fv3gfs Alt. Web Site: https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/HAFS/HAFSEPS/tcall.php
HAFS V0.1J - The experimental Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS) Version 0.1J of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. HAFS is intended to provide an advanced analysis and forecast system for cutting-edge research on modeling, physics, data assimilation, and coupling. The atmospheric component is based on the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3) dynamical core. HAFS V0.1J is a limited area model (LAM) using an Extended Schmidt Gnomonic (ESG) grid that results in nearly uniform resolution throughout the regional domain. HAFS V0.1J model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 168 h.
Documentation: https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/fv3gfs Alt. Web Site: https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/HAFS/HAFJ/index.php
FV3-RRFS - This global atmosphere-only configuration of the Unified Forecast System (UFS) Medium-Range Weather Application uses the Finite-Volume Cubed Sphere (FV3) dynamical core and a physics suite based on the operational Rapid Refresh (RAP) model. This physics suite is a preliminary candidate for the upcoming Rapid Refresh Forecast System (RRFS) configuration of the UFS Short-Range Weather Application.The global domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~13.5 km. Model forecasts are initialized once a day from the operational GFS analyses and run out to 7 days using a modified version of the NOAA Environmental Modeling System global workflow that enables the use of the Common Community Physics Package.
GFS - The Global Forecast System (GFS) v16 air-sea-land-ice modeling system of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NOAA/NCEP). The atmospheric component is based on the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3) dynamical core. The global domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~13.5 km. Its vertical dimension includes 127 layers and a model top of 80 km. GFS model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 384 h.
Documentation: https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/emc/pages/numerical_forecast_systems/gfs.php Data Access:
ECMWF - The global air-sea-wave-land-ice modeling system of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The atmospheric component is based on the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) dynamical core. The global domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~9 km. ECMWF model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 24-h intervals. 00z/12z forecasts are available out to 240 h, and 06z/18z forecasts are available out to 72 h.
Documentation: https://www.ecmwf.int/en/publications/ifs-documentation Data Access: https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets
HWRF - The operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) modeling system of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The atmospheric component is based on the Non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM) dynamical core. HWRF is configured with three storm-centric, nested domains that have nominal horizontal resolutions of 13.5 km, 4.5 km, and 1.5 km, respectively. The outermost domain is ~80° x ~80° and is approximately centered on the system of interest. The two innermost nests are much smaller and follow the system of interest throughout the model integration. The atmospheric model is coupled to the Princeton Ocean Model (POM-TC). Independent HWRF forecasts are created for up to five active tropical cyclones and invests worldwide. HWRF model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 126 h.
ADocumentation: https://dtcenter.org/community-code/hurricane-wrf-hwrf/documentation AAlt. Web Site: https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/gc_wmb/vxt/HWRF/index.php
HMON - The operational Hurricanes in a Multi-scale Ocean-coupled Non-hydrostatic (HMON) model of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The dynamical core of HMON is the Non-hydrostatic Multi-scale Model on a B grid (NMMB). HMON is configured with three storm-centric, nested domains that have nominal horizontal resolutions of 18 km, 6 km, and 2 km, respectively. The outermost domain is ~80° x ~80° and is approximately centered on the system of interest. The two innermost nests are much smaller and follow the system of interest throughout the model integration. It has 71 vertical levels with the model top fixed at 50 hPa. HMON includes vortex relocation, but has no data assimilation. It has been coupled to the HYCOM ocean model for the North Atlantic, eastern North Pacific, and central North Pacific hurricane basins. HMON model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 126 h.
ADocumentation: https://nomads.ncep.noaa.gov/txt_descriptions/HMON_doc.shtml AAlt. Web Site: https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/gc_wmb/vxt/HMON/index.php
HAFS V0.2A - The experimental Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS) Version 0.2A is a hurricane application of the Unified Forecast System (UFS) in the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. HAFS is intended to provide an advanced analysis and forecast system for cutting-edge research on modeling, physics, data assimilation, and coupling. HAFS V0.2A utilizes a stand-alone regional and atmosphere-ocean coupled configuration, which takes into account air-sea interaction processes through the Community Mediator for Earth Prediction Systems (CMEPS) based coupling between the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3) atmospheric and the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) oceanic components. The FV3 atmospheric component utilizes a 3-km regional Extended Schmidt Gnomonic (ESG) grid together with an advanced physics suite suitable for TC forecasting. The HYCOM component is dynamically forced by FV3 forcings including air-sea momentum, sensible and latent heat fluxes, net shortwave and longwave radiation fluxes, surface pressure, and precipitation, while the ocean component feeds back the atmospheric component with sea surface temperature. HAFS V0.2A obtains its atmospheric initial/lateral boundary conditions from operational GFS and oceanic initial/lateral boundary conditions from operational Real-Time Ocean Forecast System (RTOFS). It produces forecasts for North Atlantic tropical cyclones on NOAA’s Jet supercomputer as a real-time demonstration project supported by the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP). Additionally, it produced forecasts for eastern North Pacific and western North Pacific tropical cyclones on Jet and NOAA’s Orion supercomputer in a near real-time mode. HAFS V0.2A model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 126 h.
Documentation: https://github.com/hafs-community/HAFS Alt. Web Site: https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/HAFS/HAFSv0p2a/index.php
HAFS V0.2B - The experimental Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS) Version 0.2B is a hurricane application of the Unified Forecast System (UFS) in the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. HAFS is intended to provide an advanced analysis and forecast system for cutting-edge research on modeling, physics, data assimilation, and coupling. The atmospheric component is based on the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3) dynamical core. HAFS V0.2B uses a global framework of UFS with a high-resolution, static nest placed over the North Atlantic hurricane basin. The regional domain has a nominal resolution of ~3 km. and has constant two-way feedback with the parent global domain. It is coupled to a version of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Its initialization comes from the operational GFS. HAFS V0.2B also has an experimental boundary layer physics scheme that was modified for hurricane environments based on observations. HAFS V0.2B model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 168 h.
Documentation: https://github.com/hafs-community/HAFS
HAFS V0.2D - The experimental Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS) Version 0.2D is a hurricane application of the Unified Forecast System (UFS) in the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which is based on the HAFSV0.2A configuration, except that it performs self-cycling data assimilation in an effort to improve initial conditions. The regional domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~3 km and 91 hybrid vertical levels, and is placed over the North Atlantic during the 2021 hurricane season. HAFS V0.2D conducts continuous cycling with EMC Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system, and applies hybrid three-dimensional ensemble–variational data assimilation (3DEnVAR) method by using 6-h ensemble forecasts from the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) and a 3-hourly First Guess at Appropriate Time (FGAT) technique. HAFS V0.2D assimilates the same observations that are assimilated in the operational HWRF, including conventional observations, recon data, satellite radiance, Atmospheric Motion Vector (AMV), and Next Generation Weather Radar radial velocity. HAFS V0.2D model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 126 h.
Documentation: https://github.com/hafs-community/HAFS Alt. Web Site: https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/HAFS/HAFSv0p2d/index.php
HAFS V0.2E) - The experimental Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS) Version 0.2E ensemble prediction system of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. HAFS is intended to provide an advanced analysis and forecast system for cutting-edge research on modeling, physics, data assimilation, and coupling. The atmospheric component is based on the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3) dynamical core. HAFS V0.2E is based on HAFS V0.2A configuration, but uses lower horizontal and vertical resolution with no ocean-coupling (6km/L64). It includes one unperturbed control member and 20 perturbed ensemble members. HAFS V0.2E uses Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) as its initial and lateral boundary conditions to account for large-scale uncertainties, model physics uncertainties include Stochastically perturbed physics tendencies (SPPT), Stochastic kinetic energy backscatter (SKEB), Stochastically perturbed PBL humidity (SHUM). HAFS V0.2E model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 6-h intervals out to 120h. The products include track and intensity ensemble mean forecasts and associated probabilistic forecasts.
Documentation: https://github.com/hafs-community/HAFS Alt. Web Site: https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/HAFS/HAFSEPS/tcall.php
GFSv16 TEST (GF16) - This global atmosphere-only configuration of the Unified Forecast System (UFS) Medium-Range Weather Application uses the operational GFSV16 physics suite except it replaces the SAS convection scheme with the GF convection parameterization. The GF scheme is used operational in the RAP as well in NASA's GEOS-5 modeling system and is a candidate for the upcoming Rapid Refresh Forecast System (RRFS) configuration of the UFS Short-Range Weather Application.The global domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~13.5 km. Model forecasts are initialized once a day from the operational GFS analyses and run out to 7 days using a modified version of the NOAA Environmental Modeling System global workflow.
GFSv16 TEST (MY16) - This global atmosphere-only configuration of the Unified Forecast System (UFS) Medium-Range Weather Application uses the operational GFSV16 physics suite except it replaces the GFS TKE PBL scheme with the MYNN/EDMF boundary layer parameterization. The MYNN/EDMF scheme is used operational in the RAP and HRRR and is a candidate for the upcoming Rapid Refresh Forecast System (RRFS) configuration of the UFS Short-Range Weather Application.The global domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~13.5 km. Model forecasts are initialized once a day from the operational GFS analyses and run out to 7 days using a modified version of the NOAA Environmental Modeling System global workflow.
GFSv16 TEST (TH16) - This global atmosphere-only configuration of the Unified Forecast System (UFS) Medium-Range Weather Application uses the operational GFSV16 physics suite except it replaces the GFDL microphysics scheme with the subcycled double moment Thompson (TH) microphysics scheme. The TH scheme is used operational in the RAP and HRRR and is a candidate for GFSV17 as well as the upcoming Rapid Refresh Forecast System (RRFS) configuration of the UFS Short-Range Weather Application.The global domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~13.5 km. Model forecasts are initialized once a day from the operational GFS analyses and run out to 7 days using a modified version of the NOAA Environmental Modeling System global workflow.
GFS - The Global Forecast System (GFS) v16 air-sea-land-ice modeling system of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NOAA/NCEP). The atmospheric component is based on the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3) dynamical core. The global domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~13.5 km. Its vertical dimension includes 127 layers and a model top of 80 km. GFS model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 384 h.
Documentation: https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/emc/pages/numerical_forecast_systems/gfs.php Data Access:
ECMWF - The global air-sea-wave-land-ice modeling system of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The atmospheric component is based on the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) dynamical core. The global domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~9 km. ECMWF model forecasts are currently available at a horizontal resolution of 0.4 degrees and a temporal resolution of 4x daily at 3-h intervals. 00z/12z forecasts are available out to 240 h, and 06z/18z forecasts are available out to 90 h.
Documentation: https://www.ecmwf.int/en/publications/ifs-documentation Data Access: https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets
HWRF - The operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) modeling system of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The atmospheric component is based on the Non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM) dynamical core. HWRF is configured with three storm-centric, nested domains that have nominal horizontal resolutions of 13.5 km, 4.5 km, and 1.5 km, respectively. The outermost domain is ~80° x ~80° and is approximately centered on the system of interest. The two innermost nests are much smaller and follow the system of interest throughout the model integration. The atmospheric model is coupled to the Princeton Ocean Model (POM-TC). Independent HWRF forecasts are created for up to five active tropical cyclones and invests worldwide. HWRF model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 126 h.
Documentation: https://dtcenter.org/community-code/hurricane-wrf-hwrf/documentation Alt. Web Site: https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/gc_wmb/vxt/HWRF/index.php
HMON - The operational Hurricanes in a Multi-scale Ocean-coupled Non-hydrostatic (HMON) model of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The dynamical core of HMON is the Non-hydrostatic Multi-scale Model on a B grid (NMMB). HMON is configured with three storm-centric, nested domains that have nominal horizontal resolutions of 18 km, 6 km, and 2 km, respectively. The outermost domain is ~80° x ~80° and is approximately centered on the system of interest. The two innermost nests are much smaller and follow the system of interest throughout the model integration. It has 71 vertical levels with the model top fixed at 50 hPa. HMON includes vortex relocation, but has no data assimilation. It has been coupled to the HYCOM ocean model for the North Atlantic, eastern North Pacific, and central North Pacific hurricane basins. HMON model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 126 h.
Documentation: https://nomads.ncep.noaa.gov/txt_descriptions/HMON_doc.shtml Alt. Web Site: https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/gc_wmb/vxt/HMON/index.php
HAFS V0.3S - The experimental Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS) Version 0.3S (for “Secondary”) is a hurricane application of the Unified Forecast System (UFS) in the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. HAFS provides an advanced analysis and forecast system for cutting-edge research on modeling, physics, data assimilation, and coupling. HAFS V0.3S is configured with a regional parent domain (6 km) that is ~80° x ~80° and a moving nest domain (2 km) that is ~12° x ~12°, and both domains are centered on a system of interest at the forecast initialization time. The moving nest follows the system throughout the forecast integration, similar to HWRF and HMON. HAFS V0.3S utilizes an atmosphere-ocean coupled configuration, including the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3) atmospheric and the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HyCOM) oceanic components. HAFS V0.3S obtains its atmospheric initial/lateral boundary conditions from operational GFS and oceanic initial/lateral boundary conditions from operational Real-Time Ocean Forecast System (RTOFS). In contrast to HAFS V0.3A, HAFS V0.3S treats initialization differently for hurricanes and uses an advanced physics suite for hurricane applications. This physics suiteincludes the Thompson microphysics parameterization and a modified eddy-diffusivity mass-flux (EDMF)-turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) planetary boundary layer parameterization with modifications for hurricane environments based on advanced research. HAFS V0.3S produces forecasts for North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific tropical cyclones on NOAA’s Jet supercomputer as a part of the 2022 Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) Real-time Experiment (HREx). Additional forecasts are produced in quasi-real-time on NOAA’s Jet, Hera, and Orion supercomputers. HAFS V0.3S model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 126 h.
Documentation: https://github.com/hafs-community/HAFS
GFS Test (GFP8) - "Global Forecast System (v17p8; GF Cu)" - This global atmosphere-only configuration of the Unified Forecast System (UFS) Medium-Range Weather Application uses the operational GFSV17 physics suite and Prototype 8 framework, except it replaces the SAS convection scheme with the GF convection parameterization and replaces the GFS TKE PBL and SAS shallow cumulus schemes with the MYNN-EDMF moist-turbulent boundary layer parameterization. The GF scheme is used operationally in the RAP as well in NASA's GEOS-5
GFS Test (MYP8) - "Global Forecast System (v17p8; MYNN PBL)" - This global atmosphere-only configuration of the Unified Forecast System (UFS) Medium-Range Weather Application uses the operational GFSV17 physics suite and Prototype 8 framework, except it replaces the GFS TKE PBL and SAS shallow cumulus schemes with the MYNN-EDMF moist-turbulent boundary layer parameterization. The MYNN/EDMF scheme is used operationally in the RAP and HRRR and is slated for use in the upcoming Rapid Refresh Forecast System (RRFS) configuration of the UFS Short-Range Weather Application. The global domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~13.5 km. Model forecasts are initialized once a day from the operational GFS analyses and run out to 6 days using a modified version of the NOAA Environmental Modeling System global workflow.
GFS - The Global Forecast System (GFS) v16 air-sea-land-ice modeling system of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NOAA/NCEP). The atmospheric component is based on the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3) dynamical core. The global domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~13.5 km. Its vertical dimension includes 127 layers and a model top of 80 km. Forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 384 h.
Documentation: https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/emc/pages/numerical_forecast_systems/gfs.php
ECMWF - The global air-sea-wave-land-ice modeling system of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The atmospheric component is based on the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) dynamical core. The global domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~9 km. ECMWF model forecasts are currently available at a horizontal resolution of 0.5 degrees and a temporal resolution of 4x daily at 3-h intervals. Its vertical dimension includes 137 layers and a model top of 0.01 hPa. Forecasts are currently available 4x daily: 00z/12z forecasts are available out to 240 h, and 06z/18z forecasts are available out to 90 h.
HWRF - The operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) modeling system of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The atmospheric component is based on the Non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM) dynamical core. HWRF is configured with three storm-centric, nested domains that have nominal horizontal resolutions of 13.5 km, 4.5 km, and 1.5 km, respectively. The outermost domain is ~80° x ~80° and is approximately centered on the system of interest. The two innermost nests are much smaller and follow the system of interest throughout the model integration. The atmospheric model is coupled to the Princeton Ocean Model (POM-TC). Independent HWRF forecasts are created for up to five active tropical cyclones and invests worldwide. Forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 126 h.
HMON - The operational Hurricanes in a Multi-scale Ocean-coupled Non-hydrostatic (HMON) model of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The dynamical core of HMON is the Non-hydrostatic Multi-scale Model on a B grid (NMMB). HMON is configured with three storm-centric, nested domains that have nominal horizontal resolutions of 18 km, 6 km, and 2 km, respectively. The outermost domain is ~80° x ~80° and is approximately centered on the system of interest. The two innermost nests are much smaller and follow the system of interest throughout the model integration. It has 71 vertical levels with the model top fixed at 50 hPa. HMON includes vortex relocation, but has no data assimilation. It has been coupled to the HYCOM ocean model for the North Atlantic, eastern North Pacific, and central North Pacific hurricane basins. Forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 126 h.
HAFS-A - The operational Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS) configuration “A” modeling system (Version 1.0) of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The atmospheric component is based on the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3) dynamical core. HAFS is configured with two storm-centric domains with nominal horizontal resolutions of 6 km and 2 km, respectively. The outermost domain is ~80° x ~80° and is approximately centered on the system of interest. The moving nest is ~12° x ~12° and follows the system of interest throughout the model integration. The atmospheric model is coupled to the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). HAFS-A obtains its atmospheric initial/lateral boundary conditions from operational GFS and oceanic initial/lateral boundary conditions from operational Real-Time Ocean Forecast System (RTOFS). In contrast to HAFS-B, HAFS-A initializes the vortex based on the maximum wind error of the first guess at analysis time and uses a GFS-based physics suite with TC specific modifications in PBL and surface surface schemes. This physics suite includes the GFDL microphysics parameterization and a modified eddy-diffusivity mass-flux (EDMF)-turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) planetary boundary layer parameterization. Modifications are made in the EDMF-TKE PBL scheme which makes the mixing length scale near the surface in PBL consistent with that used in the surface-layer module. Surface roughness lengths for momentum and scalar are specified as a function of wind speed to match observed drag coefficients in the surface parameterization scheme. Independent HAFS-A forecasts are created for up to five active tropical cyclones and invests worldwide. HAFS-A model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 126 h.
HAFS-B - The operational Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS) configuration “B” modeling system (Version 1.0) of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The atmospheric component is based on the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3) dynamical core. HAFS is configured with two storm-centric domains with nominal horizontal resolutions of 6 km and 2 km, respectively. The outermost domain is ~80° x ~80° and is approximately centered on the system of interest. The moving nest is ~12° x ~12° and follows the system of interest throughout the model integration. The atmospheric model is coupled to the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). HAFS-B obtains its atmospheric initial/lateral boundary conditions from operational GFS and oceanic initial/lateral boundary conditions from operational Real-Time Ocean Forecast System (RTOFS). In contrast to HAFS-A, HAFS-B initializes the vortex slightly differently (although still based on the initial maximum wind error) and uses a unique physics suite. This physics suite includes the Thompson microphysics parameterization and a modified eddy-diffusivity mass-flux (EDMF)-turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) planetary boundary layer parameterization with modifications for hurricane environments based on advanced research. Independent HAFS-A forecasts are created for up to two active tropical cyclones and invests in NHC basins (NATL/EPAC). HAFS-B model forecasts are currently available 4x daily at 3-h intervals out to 126 h.
HAFS v1.1B - HAFS-B v1.0 (operational; see above) with modifications to the cumulus parameterization (prognostic scale awareness, see Bengstton et al. 2022), modifications to the HYCOM ocean model (to reduce excessive vertical mixing), and modifications to the tc-pbl option in the EDMF-TKE PBL scheme (see Chen et al. 2023) to improve forecasts of outer wind radii.
Bengtsson, L., L. Gerard, J. Han, M. Gehne, W. Li, and J. Dias, 2022: A Prognostic-Stochastic and Scale-Adaptive Cumulus Convection Closure for Improved Tropical Variability and Convective Gray-Zone Representation in NOAA’s Unified Forecast System (UFS). Mon. Wea. Rev., 150, 3211-3227, https://doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-22-0114.1.
Chen, X., A. Hazelton, F. D. Marks, G. J. Alaka, Jr., and C. Zhang, 2023: Performance of an Improved TKE-based Eddy-Diffusivity Mass-Flux (EDMF) PBL Scheme in 2021 Hurricane Forecasts from Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System. Wea. Forecasting, 38, 321-336, https://doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-22-0140.1.
HAFS v1.1A - This experiment is based on the operational configuration of HAFS-A v1.0 (see above) with following upgrades and modifications:
Use the HAFS support/hafs.v1.1.0 branch, with all HAFS submodules being synced with their latest authoritative branches (as of 07/24/2023).
Higher resolution moving-nesting (5.4-1.8 km, instead of 6-2 km) configuration with slightly adjusted parent domain coverage.
Enable hydrometer vortex relocation and warm-cycling capability and reduce the warm-cycling vmax threshold from 50 kt to 40 kt
Assimilate the enhanced GOES-R meso floater AMVs
Use Thompson MP (instead of GFDL MP)
dt_inner=45s; sedi_semi=.true.
Use radiation calling timestep of 900s instead of 720s
Use MOM6 coupling instead of HYCOM coupling
Alt. Web Site: https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/hurricane/hafsv1p1a/index.phpHAFS-Ensemble (HERC) - The Hurricane Ensembles in Real-time on the Cloud (HERC) experiment is based on the operational configuration of HAFS-A v1.0, with following modifications.
Basic configuration
Lower horizontal resolution: refine ratio=2, ~6 km vs. 3 km, Lower
vertical resolution: L66 vs. L81, with smaller domain
One control member plus 20 perturbed ensemble members
Runs 4 cycles a day (00Z, 06 Z, 12Z, 18Z), Atlantic basin only
Computer resources: On AWS cloud 6 nodes or 576 cores per forecast jobs.
IC/BC Perturbation – account for large-scale uncertainties
IC/BC: GEFS grib2 (0.5x0.5)
Model Physics – account for model physics uncertainties
Alt. Web Site:https://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/HAFS/HAFSEPS/index.php
GSL GFS Test (MYP8) - "Global Forecast System (v17p8; MYNN PBL)" - This global atmosphere-only configuration of the Unified Forecast System (UFS) Medium-Range Weather Application uses the GFSV17 physics suite of version 10 July 2023, except (1) it replaces the GFS TKE PBL and SAS shallow cumulus schemes with the MYNN-EDMF moist-turbulent boundary layer parameterization; (2) it uses an updated version of Thompson Microphysics and is running with aerosol-awareness turned on. The cloud nucleation has been adjusted to guard against unrealistic values of water friendly and ice friendly aerosols. The MYNN/EDMF scheme is an updated version of those used operationally in the RAP and HRRR and is slated for use in the upcoming Rapid Refresh Forecast System (RRFS) configuration of the UFS Short-Range Weather Application. The global domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~13.5 km. Model forecasts are initialized twice a day from the operational GFS analyses and run out to 7 days using a modified version of the NOAA Environmental Modeling System global workflow.
GSL GFS Test (THP8) - "Global Forecast System (v17p8; THMP)" - This global atmosphere-only configuration of the Unified Forecast System (UFS) Medium-Range Weather Application uses the GFSV17 physics suite of version 10 July 2023. THP8 uses an updated version of Thompson Microphysics that is running with aerosol-awareness turned on. The cloud nucleation has been adjusted to guard against unrealistic values of water friendly and ice friendly aerosols. This effectively allows the aerosol-aware version to behave more like the non-aerosol-aware version when aerosol concentrations deviate unrealistically from observed ranges. The global domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~13.5 km. Model forecasts are initialized twice a day from the operational GFS analyses and run out to 7 days using a modified version of the NOAA Environmental Modeling System global workflow.
GSL GFS Test (C3P8) - "Global Forecast System (v17p8; C3)" - This global atmosphere-only configuration of the Unified Forecast System (UFS) Medium-Range Weather Application uses the GFSV17 physics suite of version 10 July 2023, except it replaces the SAS convection scheme with the C3 convection parameterization. The C3 scheme is a result of a collaborative project between GSL, PSL, and EMC. The code base is the GF scheme, but several features from the SAS scheme have been added, such as recent implementations from Lisa Bengtsson (PSL). The global domain has a nominal horizontal resolution of ~13.5 km. Model forecasts are initialized twice a day from the operational GFS analyses and run out to 7 days using a modified version of the NOAA Environmental Modeling System global workflow.